- Prewar Jewish population
- about 77,000
- Murdered
- at least about 60,000
Before occupation
The largest community was Ladino-speaking Salonika, alongside older Romaniote communities and Jewish populations on islands and in other cities.
Occupation zones
Germany, Italy and Bulgaria administered different areas, so persecution varied by region.
Salonika
German authorities concentrated and deported Salonika’s Jews in 1943, principally to Auschwitz-Birkenau.
After Italy’s surrender
German control expanded into former Italian zones in 1943, bringing later deportations.
Resistance and rescue
Hiding, church interventions, local rescue and participation in resistance produced different survival outcomes.
Sources
This page draws on the institutional sources listed below.