View original source at USHMM
1918–1919
German defeat in World War I; revolution and the founding of the Weimar Republic.
30 Jan 1933
Adolf Hitler is appointed chancellor of Germany.
1 Apr 1933
Nazi-organized boycott of Jewish businesses.
15 Sep 1935
Nuremberg Laws strip Jews of rights and formalize racial classification.
Mar 1938
Anschluss: Nazi Germany annexes Austria.
9–10 Nov 1938
November Pogrom: synagogues and businesses are destroyed; Jews are assaulted, murdered and arrested.
1 Sep 1939
Germany invades Poland; World War II begins in Europe.
Oct–Nov 1940
Warsaw ghetto is established and sealed.
22 Jun 1941
Operation Barbarossa: Germany invades the Soviet Union; mass shootings expand.
29–30 Sep 1941
33,771 Jews are murdered at Babyn Yar according to a German report.
20 Jan 1942
Wannsee Conference coordinates a Europe-wide deportation and murder program.
Mar 1942
Bełżec begins killing operations; Operation Reinhard enters its most lethal phase.
22 Jul–21 Sep 1942
Mass deportations from the Warsaw ghetto to Treblinka.
19 Apr–16 May 1943
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
2 Aug 1943
Prisoner revolt at Treblinka.
14 Oct 1943
Prisoner revolt at Sobibór.
Mar 1944
Germany occupies Hungary.
May–Jul 1944
Mass deportation of Hungarian Jews, mainly to Auschwitz-Birkenau.
7 Oct 1944
Sonderkommando revolt at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
27 Jan 1945
Soviet forces liberate Auschwitz.
15 Apr 1945
British forces liberate Bergen-Belsen.
29 Apr 1945
US forces liberate Dachau.
8 May 1945
War in Europe ends.
Nov 1945–Oct 1946
International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
Jul 1946
Kielce pogrom in Poland.
1948
State of Israel is established; survivor migration continues.