- Jewish population in March 1944
- about 760,000–780,000
- Provincial deportations
- roughly 440,000
Before occupation
Anti-Jewish laws restricted civic and economic life, while Jewish men were subjected to forced-labor service. Hungarian authorities also deported Jews treated as “foreign,” contributing to the Kamianets-Podilskyi massacre.
German occupation
Germany occupied Hungary on 19 March 1944. Hungarian gendarmerie and administration concentrated Jews in ghettos and collection points.
Deportation
Roughly 440,000 provincial Jews were deported, overwhelmingly to Auschwitz-Birkenau, in about eight weeks.
Budapest
After the Arrow Cross takeover, Jews faced forced marches, Danube shootings, protected houses and ghettoization.
Rescue and survival
Jewish undergrounds and diplomatic rescue included Raoul Wallenberg, Carl Lutz and others; more than 100,000 Jews remained in Budapest at liberation.
Sources
This page draws on the institutional sources listed below.