Antisemitic policy
Romanian authorities imposed citizenship restrictions, property confiscation and forced labor; Legionary violence preceded the major wartime killing campaigns.
Iași
The June 1941 Iași pogrom involved Romanian police, military and civilians, followed by lethal death trains.
Transnistria
Romanian forces participated in mass murder in Bessarabia, Bukovina and Odesa and deportations into Romanian-administered Transnistria.
Different survival patterns
Jewish experiences differed sharply by region, with far higher survival in some parts of the Regat and southern Transylvania than in the east.
Statistics
Estimates depend on the borders, time period and authorities being counted. The International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania, known as the Wiesel Commission, concluded that between 280,000 and 380,000 Romanian and Ukrainian Jews were murdered or died during the Holocaust in Romania and territories under Romanian control. Northern Transylvania was under Hungarian, not Romanian, authority during the decisive deportations of 1944, so victims from that region should not be merged into the Romanian-authority figure without explanation.
Sources
This page draws on the institutional sources listed below.