The Jerusalem of the Balkans
Jewish life included Ladino newspapers, synagogues, schools, port labor and a distinctive Sephardic public culture.
German occupation
Jews were subjected to humiliation, forced labor, registration and concentration in designated districts.
Deportation
In 1943, most of the city’s Jews were deported by rail to Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Survival
Some escaped to Italian-controlled zones, hid or joined resistance; the postwar community was dramatically smaller.
Sources
This page draws on the institutional sources listed below.