Economic exclusion
Boycotts, licensing restrictions, forced sales and legal decrees progressively removed Jews from economic life.
Aryanization
Businesses and property were transferred under coercive conditions to non-Jewish ownership.
Deportation and theft
Deportation often involved inventories, baggage restrictions and seizure of homes, bank accounts and valuables.
Operation Reinhard
Organized sorting and transfer of money, clothing, gold and other property were built into the killing operation.
After the war
Restitution and compensation were incomplete and varied sharply across countries.
Sources
This page draws on the institutional sources listed below.